INTEGRATED SFM TECHNIQUES USING DATA SET FROM GOOGLE EARTH 3D MODEL AND FROM STREET LEVEL

Structure from motion (SfM) represents a widespread photogrammetric method that uses the photogrammetric rules to carry out a 3D model from a photo data set collection. Some complex ancient buildings, such as Cathedrals, or Theatres, or Castles, etc. need to implement the data set (realized from street level) with the UAV one in order to have the 3D roof reconstruction. Nevertheless, the use of UAV is strong limited from the government rules. In these last years, Google Earth (GE) has been enriched with the 3D models of the earth sites. For this reason, it seemed convenient to start to test the potentiality offered by GE in order to extract from it a data set that replace the UAV function, to close the aerial building data set, using screen images of high resolution 3D models. Users can take unlimited \u201caerial photos\u201d of a scene while flying around in GE at any viewing angle and altitude. The challenge is to verify the metric reliability of the SfM model carried out with an integrated data set (the one from street level and the one from GE) aimed at replace the UAV use in urban contest. This model is called integrated GE SfM model (i-GESfM). In this paper will be present a case study: the Cathedral of Palermo

Citt\ue0 balneari del Mediterraneo

La nascita delle citt\ue0 balneari costituisce un fenomeno urbanistico-territoriale-urbanistico di veste internazionale. il lavoro presentato riporta gli esiti di una ricerca incentrata sul tema

Introduzione

Le attivit\ue0 di ricerca e di rilevamento dello stabilimento balneare di Mondello sono iniziate nel 2005 in seguito alla richiesta della Societ\ue0 Italo Belga di avere una documentazione scientifica completa e dettagliata del bene monumentale. Le indagini storiche hanno svelato non soltanto le complesse vicende legate al manufatto come edificio architettonico, ma hanno anche adempiuto al delicato e gravoso compito di raccontare e trasmettere un uso, un costume, una tradizione -quella relativa alla balneazione- tramandata per secoli, dalle origini dei primi impianti termali fino ai nostri giorni. Via via che la ricerca trovava fondamento nei documenti d\u2019archivio, storici, fotografici e iconografici, si andava delineando la vastit\ue0 di un fenomeno socio-storico-architettonico da indagare in profondit\ue0, in uno scenario ben pi\uf9 vasto di quello locale del territorio palermitano. L\u2019Inghilterra, la Francia, la Germania, l\u2019Italia, la Spagna, ma anche l\u2019America e la Russia, sono alcuni tra i paesi che hanno fatto da sfondo al fenomeno della balneazione, il cui aspetto ha trovato nei secoli connotazioni sempre diverse a seconda degli orientamenti socio culturali, del tempo e del luogo. Ci\uf2 mi ha indotto a recarmi a Rimini per conoscere Ferruccio Farina, la cui passione per l\u2019argomento ha spinto lo studioso da un lato a raccogliere negli anni migliaia di cartoline, custodite gelosamente nella sua biblioteca personale, e dall\u2019altro a condurre indagini storiche la cui originalit\ue0 e scientificit\ue0 sono di innegabile attendibilit\ue0. L\u2019amicizia e la disponibilit\ue0 mostrata dallo stimato scrittore mi hanno ulteriormente incoraggiata a proseguire gli studi intrapresi, coordinando una intensa attivit\ue0 di ricerca che ha coinvolto un gruppo di studiosi con competenze ed attitudini differenti in modo da potere condurre un\u2019indagine quanto pi\uf9 possibile estesa ed esaustiva sulllo stabilimento balneare. L\u2019avanzamento dei lavori ha reso la ricerca sempre pi\uf9 interessante al punto da appassionare non solo gli autori ma anche i docenti del Dipartimento di Rappresentazione al quale \ue8 stato concesso un finanziamento da parte dell\u2019Ateneo al fine di completare gli studi e poterne pubblicare gli esiti. Anche l\u2019Assessorato ai Beni Culturali Ambientali e Pubblica Istruzione della Regione Siciliana, valutando la validit\ue0 del lavoro, ha offerto il gratuito patrocinio

Helicoid and Architectural application

Questo articolo \ue8 un risultato parziale di una ricerca riguardante la rappresentazione di superfici complesse in geometria descrittiva. La padronanza e l\u2019abilit\ue0 nell\u2019uso delle diverse tecniche di rappresentazione, consente di raggiungere risultati che altrimenti non sarebbero perseguibili. La Scuola di Disegno di Ingegneria, dell\u2019Universit\ue0 di Palermo si \ue8 da sempre fatta promotrice della scienza della rappresentazione attraverso la sperimentazione di tecniche semplificative ed innovative della geometria descrittiva applicata all\u2019architettura e all\u2019ingegneria. In particolar modo, in questo lavoro, si riporta lo studio di una superficie complessa quale \ue8 l\u2019elicoide che trova larga applicazione nell\u2019architettura. L\u2019elicoide \ue8 qui trattata nella rappresentazione dell\u2019assonometria ortogonale. Il metodo proposto \ue8 basato fondamentalmente sull\u2019applicazione indispensabile ed imprescindibile dell\u2019omologia. Alcuni passi, qui dati per scontato, trovano riscontro nei riferimenti bibliografici.This paper presents the issue of a long research on the representation of the complex surface in descriptive geometry. The ability to use the different techniques of representation aims to achieve results that you didn\u2019t image before. In Palermo University, at the Engineering School, the researcher involved the study on the simplify of the so elaborated way to represent the geometry and its applications in architecture buildings and engineering implants. There is just report below the application methods to represent one of the most used surfaces in the practice of buildings. It\u2019s about the helicoid surface represented in orthogonal axonometric projecting. This method is the result of the experimental homology. I remained to the bibliography of the other works where there is explained the theory method to become to the application

3D MODELING of A COMPLEX BUILDING: From MULTI-VIEW IMAGE FUSION to GOOGLE EARTH PUBLICATION

This paper presents a pipeline that aims at illustrating the procedure to realize a 3D model of a complex building integrating the UAV and terrestrial images and modifying the 3D model in order to publish to Google Earth in an interactive modality so as to provide better available models for visualization and use. The main steps of the procedure are the optimization of the UAV flight, the integration of the different UAV and ground floor images and the optimization of the model to be published to GE. The case study has been identified in a building, The Eremo di Santa Rosalia Convent in Sicily which hash more staggered elevations and located in the hills of the hinterland and of which, the online platform only indicate the position on Google Maps (GM) and Google Earth (GE) with a photo from above and a non-urban road whose GM path is not corresponding with the GE photo. The process highlights the integration of the models and showcases a workflow for the publication of the combined 3D model to the GE platform

SUPER-RESOLUTION IMAGES ON MOBILE SMARTPHONE AIMED AT 3D MODELING

In these last years have been calculated several general algorithms to process the images acquired by mobile devices. Nevertheless, they don't always work at their full effectiveness due the numerous constraints and external issues. The latest generation smartphones, pushed by higher user expectations, have increasingly performing camera functions, in particular way, about the always increasing resolution, with a large number of pixels to process or two cameras for stereo view. Considering that pixels in an image sensor synthetizes the number of incoming photons, taking a photograph with a digital camera means to applying a low-pass filter to a scene where the tiny textures, such as characters that measure a few pixels, are observed blurry. This happens when using digital zoom or when the visibility is compromised or during the night artificial lights. For all these reasons the conventional image converter resolution algorithms (as bilinear interpolation algorithm) don't work with the high-frequency information of a scene once lost. All these aspects are more relevant if we are taking photos to carry out a 3D scenario. Indeed, the 3D model will have an higher geometric accuracy if the image resolution will be higher. Super-Resolution algorithms (SRa) are classified into two categories: (1) approaches that reconstruct a high-resolution image from itself and (2) approaches that register multiple low-resolution images to interpolate sub-pixel information. In this paper we verify the geometric accuracy of a 3D model, when using the Morpho Super-Resolution™ algorithm, also in critical condition. This algorithm doesn't require pixel shift, indeed, some cameras have a functionality named pixel shift, which captures multiple images while shifting the image sensor

Exploiting low-cost 3D imagery for the purposes of detecting and analyzing pavement distresses

Road pavement conditions have significant impacts on safety, travel times, costs, and environmental effects. It is the responsibility of road agencies to ensure these conditions are kept in an acceptable state. To this end, agencies are tasked with implementing pavement management systems (PMSs) which effectively allocate resources towards maintenance and rehabilitation. These systems, however, require accurate data. Currently, most agencies rely on manual distress surveys and as a result, there is significant research into quick and low-cost pavement distress identification methods. Recent proposals have included the use of structure-from-motion techniques based on datasets from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and cameras, producing accurate 3D models and associated point clouds. The challenge with these datasets is then identifying and describing distresses. This paper focuses on utilizing images of pavement distresses in the city of Palermo, Italy produced by mobile phone cameras. The work aims at assessing the accuracy of using mobile phones for these surveys and also identifying strategies to segment generated 3D imagery by considering the use of algorithms for 3D Image segmentation to detect shapes from point clouds to enable measurement of physical parameters and severity assessment. Case studies are considered for pavement distresses defined by the measurement of the area affected such as different types of cracking and depressions. The use of mobile phones and the identification of these patterns on the 3D models provide further steps towards low-cost data acquisition and analysis for a PMS

SMART SfM: SALINAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

In these last years, there has been an increasing use of the Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques applied to Cultural Heritage. The accessibility of SfM software can be especially advantageous to users in non-technical fields or to those with limited resources. Thanks to SfM using, everyone can make with a digital camera a 3D model applied to an object of both Cultural Heritage, and physically Environment, and work arts, etc. One very interesting and useful application can be envisioned into museum collection digitalization. In the last years, a social experiment has been conducted involving young generation to live a social museum using their own camera to take pictures and videos. Students of university of Catania and Palermo were involved into a national event #digitalinvasion (2015-2016 editions) offering their personal contribution: they realized 3D models of the museums collection through the SfM techniques. In particular at the National Archaeological Museum Salinas in Palermo, it has been conducted an organized survey to recognize the most important part of the archaeological collection. It was a success: in both #digitalinvasion National Event 2015 and 2016 the young students of Engineering classes carried out, with Photoscan Agisoft, more than one hundred 3D models some of which realized by phone camera and some other by reflex camera and some other with compact camera too. The director of the museum has been very impressed from these results and now we are going to collaborate at a National project to use the young generation crowdsourcing to realize a semi-automated monitoring system at Salinas Archaeological Museum

AUGMENTED REALITY

Already used in very specific areas such as in military and medical or academic research, in 2009 thanks to improved technology, augmented reality is to reach wider audiences and as information campaigns, advertising-augmented published in newspapers or on the network, and through a growing number of applications for mobile phones, particularly iPhone. The Augmented Reality on the desktop computer is based on the use of markers, or ARtags, and stylized drawings, which are shown to the webcam, are recognized by the PC, and which are overlaid in real-time multimedia content: video, audio, 3D objects, and other information like link, historical or/and geographical elements, relationship between the territories and its inhabitants, etc.. All this requires the contribution of different cognitive areas, in the opinion of the authors can not be extinguished only in an application myopic investing skills of a subject area. The story (from which everything branches off), topography (which each measure takes shape), the representation (from which everything is revealed), computer (from which everything is the correlation with itself and with the others), visual communication (from which everything rises to a value direct communication, streamlined, efficient), graphics (from which everything comes to beauty, aesthetics individual and collective). The experience took place in the territory of Palermo, in Sicily, and show how the territories can change in relation with the practices and possible identity strategies developed as a reaction. We can show the disqualifie

FROM SFM TO 3D PRINT: AUTOMATED WORKFLOW ADDRESSED TO PRACTITIONER AIMED AT THE CONSERVATION AND RESTAURATION

In In the last years there has been an increasing use of digital techniques for conservation and restoration purposes. Among these, a very dominant rule is played by the use of digital photogrammetry packages (Agisoft Photoscan, 3D Zephir) which allow to obtain in few steps 3D textured models of real objects. Combined with digital documentation technologies digital fabrication technologies can be employed in a variety of ways to assist in heritage documentation, conservation and dissemination. This paper will give to practitioners an overview on the state of the art available technologies and a feasible workflow for optimizing point cloud and polygon mesh datasets for the purpose of fabrication using 3D printing. The goal is to give an important contribute to confer an automation aspect at the whole processing. We tried to individuate a workflow that should be applicable to several types of cases apart from small precautions. In our experimentation we used a DELTA WASP 2040 printer with PLA easyfil